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The Peru (Quechua and Aymara: Piruw), officially the Republic of Peru, is a sovereign country in western South America. The Pacific Ocean borders the coast and bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east and southeast Bolivia and Chile. Its territory consists of diverse landscapes: valleys, plateaus and high peaks of the Andes are deployed to the desert west coast and east to the Amazon. It is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world and 12 mayoresrecursos minerales.11
Ancient Peru was a region of successive civilizations since the emergence of Caral-Supe in 3200. C.13 The Inca Empire was the last indigenous or native state, which dominated much of western South America in the fifteenth century. In the following century the conquest of the Inca advented, after which the territory was configured as a viceroy of the empire españolarticulado around the exploitation of silver and gold with forced indigenous and African slaves working in mines yhaciendas. The Bourbon reforms of the eighteenth century raised several uprisings against colonial rule, was epitomized the rebellion of Tupac Amaru II.14
With the occupation of Spain and the promulgation of the constitution of 1812, ideas of political autonomy in the Spanish America spread. Independence was formally proclaimed in 1821, and was settled in the battle of Ayacucho three years later.15 The country was in recession and under the warlordism to the boom and bust of the guano era, which ended shortly before the War Pacific. After the war, an oligarchic politics that prevailed until the end delOncenio cemented. Successive democratic governments were constantly interrupted by coups State.16
In 1968, a military dictatorship and deeper reforms introduced various cutting nacionalista.17 The democratic and representative government was restored in 1980 and there were also beginning a bloody armed conflict between the terrorist groups Shining Path and the MRTA was imposed and state in the southern highlands and the inflationary crisis of the late ladécada. In the 1990s the neoliberal model was implemented, whose bases are still valid. At the beginning of the century, the country experienced significant economic growth and poverty reduction, even supporting a strong unarenta inequality and per capita below the average worldwide.18 It is considered a developing country. Among its main economic activities export agriculture, fishing, mining and manufacturing of products such as lostextiles.19 included
Peruvian culture is diverse as a result of intense miscegenation originated in the colony. To this it is added the subsequent influence of nineteenth-century migrations from China, Japan and Europe. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak different native languages, the most widespread sureño.20Políticamente Quechua, the country is organized as a presidential republic with a multiparty system structured under the principles of separation powers and decentralization. Administratively, it is divided into twenty-four departments and the Constitutional laProvincia Callao.21
Ancient Peru was a region of successive civilizations since the emergence of Caral-Supe in 3200. C.13 The Inca Empire was the last indigenous or native state, which dominated much of western South America in the fifteenth century. In the following century the conquest of the Inca advented, after which the territory was configured as a viceroy of the empire españolarticulado around the exploitation of silver and gold with forced indigenous and African slaves working in mines yhaciendas. The Bourbon reforms of the eighteenth century raised several uprisings against colonial rule, was epitomized the rebellion of Tupac Amaru II.14
With the occupation of Spain and the promulgation of the constitution of 1812, ideas of political autonomy in the Spanish America spread. Independence was formally proclaimed in 1821, and was settled in the battle of Ayacucho three years later.15 The country was in recession and under the warlordism to the boom and bust of the guano era, which ended shortly before the War Pacific. After the war, an oligarchic politics that prevailed until the end delOncenio cemented. Successive democratic governments were constantly interrupted by coups State.16
In 1968, a military dictatorship and deeper reforms introduced various cutting nacionalista.17 The democratic and representative government was restored in 1980 and there were also beginning a bloody armed conflict between the terrorist groups Shining Path and the MRTA was imposed and state in the southern highlands and the inflationary crisis of the late ladécada. In the 1990s the neoliberal model was implemented, whose bases are still valid. At the beginning of the century, the country experienced significant economic growth and poverty reduction, even supporting a strong unarenta inequality and per capita below the average worldwide.18 It is considered a developing country. Among its main economic activities export agriculture, fishing, mining and manufacturing of products such as lostextiles.19 included
Peruvian culture is diverse as a result of intense miscegenation originated in the colony. To this it is added the subsequent influence of nineteenth-century migrations from China, Japan and Europe. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak different native languages, the most widespread sureño.20Políticamente Quechua, the country is organized as a presidential republic with a multiparty system structured under the principles of separation powers and decentralization. Administratively, it is divided into twenty-four departments and the Constitutional laProvincia Callao.21
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